南宁市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

Prevalence of asthma in urban Chinese children aged below 15 years : a survey in Nanning city of China

目的调查南宁市城区儿童哮喘患病情况及发病的危险因素。方法以幼儿园、学校、社区为单位,采取整群抽样调查方法。于2010年10月至2011年7月调查所抽取区域0～14岁儿童哮喘患病情况,之后行病例对照研究,筛查儿童哮喘发病的危险因素。结果调查出儿童哮喘总患病率2.70%(370/13689)、两年现患率1.99%(272/13689);370例患儿中,男227例,女143例,男、女患病率分别为3.18%、2.18%(P<0.01);汉族248例,壮族100例,汉、壮族患病率分别为2.72%、2.66%(P>0.05);75.14%的患儿于<4岁首次喘息;93.51%的患儿以呼吸道感染为发作诱因,发作时间以无明显规律、午夜为主,好发时节以无明显规律、季节更换多见;发作先兆以打喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞为主,发作表现主要为咳嗽、喘息,发作类型多为缓慢或不定形式起病;98.38%的患儿经常发作强度为轻、中度;74.32%的患儿应用过吸入糖皮质激素;10.27%的患儿仅单独应用全身用糖皮质激素;56.22%的儿童哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎;经Logistic回归分析显示孩子出生前后父亲吸烟、剖宫产、1岁内使用抗菌药物对儿童哮喘患病有影响。结论南宁市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘总患病率为2.70%,两年现患病率为1.99%;男孩患病率高于女孩;汉、壮族患病率无差异;孩子出生前后父亲吸烟、剖宫产、1岁内使用抗菌药物为儿童哮喘发病的危险因素。

Objective To assess the prevalence and risk factors of asthma among urban children in Nanning , China.Methods Children aged below 15 years were selected from the communities , kindergartens and schools using agroup randomization sampling method.Then a case-control study was conducted to assess the asthma risk factors among children.Results 370cases of asthma were identified with an overall prevalence of 2.70% ( 370 / 13689 ) and cases were identified with a current prevalence of 1.99% ( 272 / 13689 ) .The asthma prevalence was higher among the male ( 3.18% ) than the female ( 2.18% )( P <0.01 ) .There was no significant difference in the asthma prevalence between Han ( 2.72% ) and Zhuang ( 2.66% ) ethnic groups ( P >0.05 ); 75.14% of the cases had the first experience of wheeze under 4years old ; Acute exacerbation could be triggered by respiratory tract infection among 93.51% of the cases ; Sneezing , running nose and nasal congestion were the common cause of acute exacerbation ; The developing of acute exacerbation was mainly in a gradual or uncertain pattern ; 98.38% of the cases were presented with a mild or moderate pattern of acute exacerbation ; 74.32% of the cases had used inhaled corticosteroids ( ICS ) .10.27% of the cases used systemic glucocorticosteroids only without ICS ; 56.22% of the cases also suffered from allergic rhinitis.Paternal smoking during the prenatal or postnatal time , cesarean section and infant antibiotics use were significantly associated with having asthma in Binary logistic regression analyses.Conclusions The overall and current prevalence ofchildren asthma was 2.70%and 1.99%respectively ; Prevalence was higher in male than that in female , however no difference was found in the prevalence between the Han and Zhuang people ; Paternal smoking during the prenatal or postnatal time , cesarean section and infant antibiotics use were the risk factors to children asthma.