“权利公民”与“责任公民”——两种公民身份的澄明与较量

Citizen of Right and Citizen of Resposibility:Refinement and Dispute between Two Kinds of Citizenship

不同的公民个体通过自身所担负的责任和所享有的权利来确认其在政治共同体中的地位,而不同的政治共同体在其立法中对公民的权利和责任的规定总是有所偏重。因而,分别形成了以责任和美德为主旋律,和以权利和个体自由为基调的两种相互对立、相互较量的公民身份传统。这两种传统的公民身份理论的追随者们以不同的方式展示了各自理论的精华,并试图通过诠释和再诠释的方式寻求有益于人的自由而全面的发展,以及有利于社会持续进步的模式。

Different individual citizens confirm their status by their own responsibilities and rights, while different political communities lay particular stress on citizen's responsibilities or rights in their legislation.Consequently, two kinds of citizenship traditions have formed : one emphasizes responsibility and virtue, the other stresses rights and individual freedom.Their views are at opposite extremes from each other.The two traditional theorists have demonstrated their respective essence in different ways trying to explore a better model which will not only be beneficial to the all-round and free development of human beings, but also be conducive to social sustainable progress.