互动对实习教师实践性知识获得与转化的影响

Influence of Interaction on Acquirement and Transformation of a Student Teacher’s Practical Knowledge

实践性知识是教师专业知识构成的核心和关键。教师实践性知识的获得有两个途径:一方面,教师在面对教育教学的问题情境时,通过与情境的对话,调动已有的经验,以行动中反映的方式生成自己的实践性知识;另一方面,教师的实践性知识的获得主要是在实践共同体中通过互动来实现的。前者是教师与问题情境的互动,后者是教师与重要他人之间的互动。对于缺乏反思意识和经验的新手教师来说,后者是获得实践性知识的一种便捷途径。文章通过一个善于学习的实习教师从指导老师手把手的指导中获得实践性知识的案例,证实教学是一种极具反思性的实践活动。对于处于实习过程中的新手教师而言,如何养成善于反思的习惯、增进反思的能力是教师教育值得关注的重要课题。

Practical knowledge is the key part of a teacher’s professional knowledge and there are two accesses to it.One can use his experiencialexamples to deal with different situations to form his own practical knowledge and trough the way of reflection-in-action to confront various situational teaching problems.On the other hand,one can also gains it from the practical community.Besides interaction with situational problems,one needs to interact with other important people too.The latter is an easy access for the green hand.But without reflection,the practical knowledge is hard to be internalized.This article describes a student teacher who can not internalize her instructor’s practical knowledge and apply it to her teaching for lacking of reflection.It states that teaching is a kind of practice full of reflection and how to promote the new teacher’s ability of reflection is the key to teacher’s profession development,For the student-teacher,how to develop the habit of reflection and advance the ability of reflection is a critical issue.