规范还是规训?——对中小学行为规范教育的反思

Norms or Disciplines-Reflection on Behavioral Norms Education in Primary and Secondary Schools

行为规范教育作为实现人类社会共同生活和享有共契精神的重要教育方式,受到中小学校的重视。然而,现在学校的行为规范教育缺乏考虑其是否具有人性上的合法性和优越性,行为规范教育追求的只是学生身体的"驯服性",主要关注身体的被操纵、被塑造、被禁止,规范教育异化成了规训教育。教育活动的规范性使其必须带有一定的强制性,但强制性绝对不能是奴役性的,规范必须以价值真理的认定为依据,它必须彰显人性的价值和生活的意义。教育不仅使人具有各种社会规范的实然性,它还赋予人所特有的应然性;教育不能只使人具有规范性,重要的是使人具有价值性。

Behavioral norms education in kindergartens today is misunderstood to some extent and people generally do not consider whether it should involve validity and superiority in human nature.It mainly focuses on the suppleness of children’s bodies,namely how to have their bodies controlled,molded and even banned.Behavioral norms education therefore is eventually metamorphosed into discipline education.The standardization of education activities does inevitably require some compulsion,but compulsion is by no means enslavement.Norms must be well founded on verity and value and is required to highlight the worth of humanity and meaning of life.Anyway,education can not only enable people to obtain the expected quality of various social norms but also endow people with the actual quality of human exclusively.Value is much more important to people than norms.