法律人类学的研究取向:现象描述与行为评价——以维吾尔族“尼卡”和“塔拉克”婚俗为分析对象

The Research Orientation of Legal Anthropology:Phenomenon Description and Behavior Evaluation——Uighur “Nikah” and “Talaq” Wedding Customs Analysis

历史上,"尼卡"具有证婚效力,"塔拉克"具有解除婚姻效力,两者是维吾尔族最具代表性的婚姻习俗。婚姻缔结和婚姻解除也是国家权力介入婚姻关系的两个重要环节。当下,"尼卡"仪式和结婚登记相结合,发生双重效力;而"塔拉克"也不能简单地解释为男方有权单方解除婚姻关系,但三次"塔拉克"之后,诉讼离婚或协议离婚被视为当然的结果。法律人类学的研究取向应是在细致、全面考察分析的基础上,予以审慎的判断和评价。

Historically,'Nikah' has the effect of marriage,'Taraq' has the effect of marriage dissolution,both are the most representative of Uighur marriage customs.Marriage engagement and marriage dissolution are also two important aspects of the marital relationship which national authorities can intervene.At present,'Nikah' ceremony and marriage registration are combined,then double effectiveness occured;'Taraq' also can not be explained simply as the man has the right to unilaterally dissolve the marriage,but after three 'Taraq',divorce proceedings or divorce agreement can be regarded as a consequence.Research orientation of legal anthropology should be based on careful analysis and comprehensive investigation,then give prudent judgment and evaluation.