高校现代汉语泛义动词宾语语义特点

Semantic Features of the Objects of General Verbs in Contemporary Chinese of Colleges and Universities

"打"、"搞"、"干"、"弄"、"做"等五个泛义动词,宾语即使很大程度上可以互换使用,但却各有不同语义特征,"打"和"弄"的宾语都有[+琐碎]语义特征,但"打"的很多搭配趋于固定化,因此,不代表二者宾语可以互换;"干"和"做"宾语都有[+职业]的语义特征,虽然"干"宾语更多表示关于某事的意思,"做"的宾语更多表示某种具体职业,但二者宾语在这一语义上基本上可以互换。因此,泛义动词的宾语搭配范围是不同的,按照由大到小的顺序,泛义动词宾语搭配范围序列为:做、搞、弄、干、打。

Objects of the general verbs,'Da','Gao','Gan','Nong' and'Zuo'(all mean to do sth) are interchangeable but have different semantic features.Objects of 'Da' and 'Nong' share a similar semantic feature as being sth trivial.However,that could not justify the assumption that their objects could be used interchangeably.Objects of 'Gan' and 'Zuo' semantically refer to profession related words.Thus,it is acceptable to allocate the objects to the other verb,despite objects of 'Gan' are mostly about jobs in a profession and 'Zuo',the profession in question.Therefore,objects of general verbs range differently.According the how much the objects of each could cover in Chinese,the five general verbs could be placed in descending order as 'Zuo','Gao','Nong','Gan' and 'Da'.