金融结构、中小企业与反贫困——基于新结构经济学最优金融结构理论的经验研究

Financial Structure,SMEs and Anti-poverty:Empirical Analysis Based on Optimal Financial Structure Theory of the New Structural Economics

要素禀赋结构决定了中小企业是当前最优产业结构中的主体企业类型。中小企业为贫困人口创造了大量非农就业机会,有助于减缓贫困。由于能够很好适应和满足中小企业融资需求的中小银行其发展相当滞后,因此中国金融结构偏离了新结构经济学最优金融结构理论意义上的最优路径,致使中小企业融资约束问题难以得到缓解。本文实证分析表明,以中小企业发展为中间渠道,金融结构与反贫困产生重要联系,这尤其体现在中小银行发展对中小企业反贫困效应的显著促进作用上。本文研究表明,调整银行业结构,为中小银行尽快成长创造空间这种结构性政策对于取得可持续性的反贫困成果具有十分重要的意义。

The factor endowment determines small and medium enterprises(SMEs)are the main enterprise-type of the optimal industrial structure in contemporary China.SMEs are effective tools in the fight against poverty by creating lots of non-agricultural employments.Due to quite underdeveloped small and medium-sized banks(SMBs),China's financial structure deviated from the optimal path in the sense of the theory of optimal financial structure of the new structural economics,and could not fully meet the demands of SMEs financing,so that SMEs financing constraints became a problem difficult to solve.The empirical analysis in the present paper shows that,financial structure exerts an important effect on anti-poverty through the channel of SMEs,which is especially reflected by the promotion effect of SMBs on SMEs' anti-poverty effect.The researches implicate that banking structure should be adjusted to provide the space for the development of SMBs to achieve sustainable anti-poverty.