土地征收中的利益均衡论

The Theory of Interest Balance in the Land Expropriation

在土地征收关系中存在诸多利益冲突,其中最主要的就是被征收人的权利被其他主体所漠视或者无视,其次便是国家和社会公共利益往往难免被侵害。问题的症结在于尚未健全集体所有制背景下的土地所有权有效运作机制,尚未健全土地征收领域的公共利益评价和实现机制、公民财产权保障和补偿机制、开发利益返还社会的利益均衡机制、征收和补偿纠纷等争议解决机制。补偿基准必须健全,健全的补偿基准必须遵守。应当借鉴法治发达国家的制度建设经验和理论研究成果,将财产权补偿和相关补充性措施相结合,切实保障正当的补偿,实现生活再建。如果能在征收论证阶段多下些工夫,做好说明理由、充分补偿和事先安排等工作,让人们安心地接受其将面临的生活变革,那将是城市化推进的多赢局面。要切实做好公共利益和私人财产之间的价值交流,须在征收征用的全过程中始终贯彻利益均衡论。

A number of conflicts of interest exist in the relation of land expropriation.Primarily,the rights of people whose land are taken have been disregarded or ignored.Then the public interest of the country and society has inevitably been infringed.The main issue is the ineffective operation mechanism of land ownership in the background of collective ownership institution.Moreover,the incompleteness is also reflected in other mechanisms of the land expropriation,including the evaluation and realization of the public interest,the protection and compensation of the citizens' property rights,the balance of interest for returning the developmental interest to the society,and the distributes resolution for expropriation and compensation.The standard of compensation must be perfected and complied with.Thus,it should use the experience of institution establishment and the accomplishments of theory researches in the legally developed countries for reference.The compensation for property rights and other relevant complementary measures should be combined to ensure the reasonable compensation and realize the life reconstruction conscientiously.If it makes more efforts during the phase of the argumentation for expropriation,and deals well with the reason explanation,adequate compensation and prior arrangement,people will accept the imminent revolution of life at ease,and this will be the multi-win situation resulted from the urbanization.In order to prevent the people who may lose life foundation from being irrational,the promoter of public service should definitely not be irrational.For the value communication between the public interest and private property,it is necessary to implement the theory of interest balance though the whole process of land expropriation and requisition.