征收法上按公平市场价值补偿规则的白圭之玷——以美国法为例

The Imperfectness of the Compensation Principle according to :The Case of American Law

公平市场价值规则作为征收补偿通说标准,面临着排斥财产主观价值,未达到对被征收财产的最佳补偿状态,在公平市场环境缺失时不具有可操作性等质疑。按公平市场价值补偿本来就是一种不充分、不完美的补偿,但仍不失为一种最佳现实选择。征收补偿诉求被诉至法院时,可以通过虚拟市场环境的建构,权衡征收个案因素,选择适当方法评估公平市场价值。公平市场价值规则的瑕疵,并不足以式微该规则在确定征收补偿过程中的普适地位。

The fair market value principal,as the common standard of expropriation compensation,is facing with the criticisms that it excludes the subjective value of property and can't achieve the optimistic expropriation situation for the expropriated property,and has no operability when fair market environment is absent.Actually,this theory is not a completed and perfect criterion,but is the optimal choice in practice.When the expropriation compensation claim is in issue,it can balance the elements in each case and choose the correct approach to appraise the fair market value through constructing apresumptive market environment.The little blemish of the theory is insufficient to decline its universal position when deciding the compensation.