认知、伦理与世界观——认识论视域中的阴谋理论

Cognition,Ethics and World View:The Conspiracy Theories in the View of Epistemology

阴谋与阴谋理论通常意味着非理性、荒谬、偏执等,然而透过表象可以发现,人们之所以有如此印象,原因在于认知者自身可能带有一定的认知偏见,阴谋理论本质上完全可以有中立意义的理解。基于此,从认知态度、信念伦理,以及世界观等方面探究阴谋理论便有某种可能性,亦有较强的理论和现实意义。换个角度看,阴谋理论之盛行有其深刻的认识论源头,或许恰恰在于行动者自身。倘若真将其视为认知缺陷或世界观问题,要克服这样的缺陷或摆脱这样的问题几乎不可能;况且在认识实践中,如果阴谋理论被完全消除,那么对于丰富人们的认识无疑没有益处。

Conspiracy and conspiracy theories generally refer to irrationality,absurdity and paranoid,which may be due to the cognitive bias from cognizers.Conspiracy theories could have an essentially neutral understanding,so that it is possible to have a full exploration on conspiracy theories from cognitive attitudes,ethics of belief and world view,which results in more theoretical and practical significances.On the other hand,the wide popularity of conspiracy theories has profound epistemological sources or may result from agents themselves.If they are considered as the cognitive defects or the problems of world view,it is nearly impossible to rid them.Furthermore,if conspiracy theories are completely eliminated in the cognitive practice,it will not be good for people to enrich the understanding of the world.