奖惩方法对青少年游泳运动员训练积极性的影响

The Effect of Award and Punishment on Training Initiative of Young Athletes of Swimming

教练员在训练中合理运用奖惩方法,能够促使运动员内心的消极情绪转化为积极情绪,从而更好地完成训练任务。本文运用问卷调查、资料搜集、分组实验等方法,对青少年游泳运动员的心理做实验对比,结果表明教练员在训练中运用奖励和惩罚方法都能激发运动员的积极性,在训练中具有可行性。奖励方法运用在一个训练阶段的初期和后期,会增加运动员的自信心,明确目标。惩罚方法运用在一个训练阶段的中期,能激发运动员的斗志和内在潜力。

The reasonable use of awards and punishments by coaches in training can help to turn the negative feelings of athletes into positive ones,thus fulfilling the training tasks better.This research project compares the mental state of teenage swimming athletes in the experiment.The result shows that,in training,awards and punishments can both inspire the initiative of them and hence a feasible approach in training.When used in the initial and late stage of the training process,they can make athletes more confident.When used in the middle stage of the process,they can inspire the strong will and potential of the athlete.