上海某社区独居老人心理健康状况6年随访调查

A Six-year Follow-up Study on the Mental Health Status of the Elderly People Living Alone in a Community of Shanghai

目的为有效地开展社区独居老人的心理健康服务提供依据。方法每3年随访调查1次,每次调查采用二阶段分层随机抽样方法入户调查,调查工具自编一般情况问卷,心理健康筛查量表选用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)。结果 418名随访独居老人中,每月≤1次或无子女(亲友)探望者达27%,有5.0%的独居老人无子女或因各种原因无电话联系;2005年、2008年和2011年的随访发现,出现各种心理异常状况的比例分别为72.25%、46.89%和53.40%;采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)筛查阳性的比例分别为31.58%、22.01%和25.24%;抑郁自评量表(SDS)总分>53常模的独居老人分别占25.60%、11.72%和17.48%。结论独居老人由于子女离去而失去相应的社会支持和情感交流对象,缺少精神慰藉已成为独居老人心理健康的主要问题之一,如何关注独居老人心理健康问题是老年社会服务的重要课题,值得进一步研究。

Objective To provide a basis for effective mental health service for the elderly living alone in communities.Methods A follow-up investigation was adopted once every 3 years.By II stage stratified random sampling,the home-visiting investigation was carried out with the general situation questionnaire,the mental health symptom check table in the form of self-rating scale(SCL-90) and the self-rating depression table(SDS).Results Among the 418 elderly people were investigated,27% of them had no children(relatives) visiting or visiting less than once monthly,and 5% had no children or no phone contact with children due to different reasons.There appears various psychological abnormal status for the elderly living alone,accounting for 72.25%,and 46.89% and 53.40% respectively for 2005,and 2008,and 2011 follow-up investigation;the ratios of positive test for mental health symptoms with SCL-90 were 31.58%,22.01% and 25.24% respectively;there were 25.6%,11.72% and 17.48% respectively of elderly people living alone obtaining the total score more than 53(the norm) with the depression rating scale(SDS).Conclusion As children leave the elderly living alone and the elderly lose the corresponding social support and emotional exchange subjects,lack of mental comfort has become one of the major mental health problems for the elderly living alone.Attention to the mental health problems of the elderly living alone is the important subject of social services for the old,which is worthy of further study.