上海市宝山区社区老年人运动锻炼现状及影响因素分析

Status Quo and Influencing Factors on Exercise of the Elderly in Community of Baoshan District,Shanghai

目的了解宝山区老年人的运动锻炼现状,探讨影响老年人运动锻炼的因素,为制定老年人运动锻炼策略提供依据。方法用自行编制的问卷对随机抽取的宝山区1188名老年人进行调查,分析其运动锻炼状况及影响因素。结果宝山区老年人中的体育人口比例为58.7%,积极进行体育锻炼的比例为47.3%;老年人的主要运动项目为走路,占67.8%,慢跑、保健操、快走和跳舞的比例分别为14.4%、13.6%、13.1%和12.9%;老年人参加运动锻炼的动机主要为锻炼身体和防治疾病,分别占运动人群的90.0%和43.6%;不参加运动的主要原因为不喜欢运动和没有时间,分别占不运动人群的46.0%和43.9%,而认为无场地的仅占3.6%;退休前职业、是否与子女同住、是否工作、每天家务时间长短及对自身经济的满意与否影响运动锻炼情况,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宝山区老年人的运动锻炼状况有所改善,但还有很大上升空间,应从社区、家庭子女等方面加强对老年人运动锻炼的支持、组织和引导。

Objective To understand the current situation of physical exercise in the elderly in Baoshan District and explore factors that affect the exercise of the aged, so as to provide a basis for the development of physical exercise in the elderly. Methods Totally 1,188 elderly people were investigated by questionnaire. The exercise situation and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results The proportion of elderly people in sports population was 58.7%, and 47.3% actively taking part in exercise. Major sports event in the elderly was walk, accounting for 67.8%, Jogging, health exercises, fast walking and dancing accounted for 14.4%, 13.1%, 13.6% and 12.9% respectively. The motivation of participating in physical exercise of the elderly was mainly for exercise and diseases prevention, accounting for 90.0% and 43.6% respectively. The main reasons of the non-participating were no interest in sports and no time, accounting for 46.0% and 43.9%, while having no playground only account for 3.6%. The significant factors influencing exercise participation were profession, whether living with their children, whether working, time in doing daily housework, and satisfaction degree of their economic situation. Conclusion The level of exercise of the elderly in Baoshan District is growing. Physical exercise of the elderly should be organized and promoted in terms of communities, families and others.