上海市闵行区企业职业危害因素调查

Investigation of Occupational Hazard Factors in 100 Enterprises of Minhang District, Shanghai

目的了解闵行区部分不同性质企业的职业危害因素现状,确定职业危害因素的防治重点。方法 2011年对闵行区100家企业进行职业危害因素调查,同时对工作场所职业危害因素进行检测,将资料汇总进行卫生统计分析。结果 100家企业中共检测职业危害因素作业点990个,存在2种以上职业危害因素的有75%,主要为噪声、粉尘和化学毒物等;企业合格率分别为国营企业95.1%、三资企业84.1%、股份制企业81.3%、私营企业81.4%;检测的职业危害因素的合格率分别为噪声78.4%、粉尘94.9%、化学毒物98.1%、高温58.2%、电磁场100%。结论 100家企业存在的主要职业危害因素中,噪声、高温的合格率较低(78.4%,58.2%)。企业应做好劳动保护,进行工艺改造,设置现场操作隔离室等措施,同时主管部门应加强监测和监管。本区三资、股份制和私营企业的工艺设备、生产环境参差不齐,应加强职业卫生监管。

Objective To understand the situation of hazard factors in business occupation of different natures in Minhang District, to determine the occupation hazard prevention focus, so as to provide a basis for the health sector managing occupation disease prevention and control work. Methods Investigation on occupational hazard factors was conducted in 100 enterprises of Minhang District in 2011. At the same time occupational hazard factors were detected on the workplace. Statistic analysis of health was made on the collected data. Results Most of the 100 enterprises (75%) had more than two kinds of occupational hazards, mainly for the noise, dust and chemical poisons and all together 990 operating points in these enterprises had occupation hazard factors by detection. The enterprise qualified rate is 95.1% for state-owned enterprises, 84.1% for foreign funded enterprises, 81.3% for joint stock companies, and 81.4% for private enterprises. The pass rates of occupational risk factors by detection are as follows: noise 78.4%, dust 94.9%, chemical toxicant 98.1%, high temperature 58.2%, and electromagnetic field 100%. Conclusion Among the main occupational hazard factors in 100 enterprises, the pass rate of noise and that of high temperature are rather low (78.4%, 58.2%). Enterprises should be prepared in these aspects: 1) strengthen labor protection, to purchase personal protective equipment; 2) process modification, additional sound absorption device 3) set the scene operating isolation rooms, and strengthen monitoring and supervision .