社区居民戒烟状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on Related Factors of Successful Smoking Quitting

目的了解宝山区居民成功戒烟的影响因素,以便为控烟工作提供依据。方法采用行为危险因素监测方法对5635人进行调查,分析其吸烟和戒烟情况以及可能与戒烟相关的因素。结果宝山区男性居民现在平均吸烟率为54.4%,5年间变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。吸烟者戒烟成功率为7.9%,60岁以上老人、离退休人群和高血压病人的成功戒烟率显著高于其他人群(P<0.01)。在对吸烟有害健康的认知、态度上,成功戒烟人群与非戒烟人群之间的差异大都有统计学意义(P<0.01)。经多因素分析显示,影响成功戒烟的因素为年龄、患病和对吸烟有害健康严重性的认识。结论宝山区社区居民吸烟率居高不下,吸烟居民的戒烟率较低。医务工作者要抓住病人戒烟这一重要环节,积极引导更多的病人远离烟草。同时,要加强烟草危害严重性的教育,激发吸烟人群的戒烟意愿和提高戒烟成功率。

Objective To figure out the influential incentive of successful smoking quitting, based on the data from Baoshan District. Methods 5 635 people of 15 to 69 years old were investigated on their smoking and quitting status and related factors in Baoshan District by using behavioral risk factor monitoring method. Results The smoking rate in Baoshan male residents accounts for 54.4%, with no significant change in the latest 5 years(P>0.05). While the successful quitting rate takes up 7.9%. The participants of different age, occupation, or hypertension also have significant disparity with other groups(P<0.01). Smokers either older than 60, or nearly the age of retirement, or with hypertension present better quitting rate than their counterparts; Besides, adequate knowledge and attitude to the adversity of tobacco also contribute to a higher rate of successful smoking quitting(P<0.01). According to multivariate analysis, the initial incentives of successful smoking quitting are age, accompanying ailment and the awareness of smoking harmful results. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking in Baoshan District remained the same across time, with a relatively low rate of smoking quitting. These findings have implications for clinical and public health interventions to educate the residents, so as to reduce and prevent smoking.