劳动力市场分化与行业间工资差距变动趋势研究

Research on Labor Market Segmentation and the Trend of Industrial Wage Gap

行业工资结构不合理是中国经济市场化进程受到阻滞的重要表现及负面效应。对行业工资差距的统计分析显示,垄断性行业与以制造业为代表的竞争性行业之间的工资差距扩大是导致我国行业工资差距及城乡收入差距扩大的主要根源,竞争性行业之间的工资差距反而是收敛的。利用面板VAR模型对行业间的工资传递进行实证研究认为,造成这一现象发生的主要原因是由于劳动力市场分化引起的行业间工资非市场渠道的传递,即提高工资水平较低的制造业工资会引起工资较高的垄断性行业工资更快增长。因此,只有遏制并扭转劳动力市场多元化发展态势,加快建设统一且自由流动的劳动力市场,并消除垄断性行业维持、扩大现有不合理分配格局的加成涨薪能力,提高以制造业为代表的竞争性行业工资水平,才能真正发挥缩小行业收入差距、城乡收入差距、扩大国内消费的作用,同时避免在国民经济范围形成工资—物价螺旋上升效应。

Statistical analysis of China's wage gap across sectors reveals that the enlargement of the wage gap between monopoly industries and other industries was the main factor which leads to the expansion of wage disparity between industries and the widening of income gap between urban and rural areas.Nevertheless,the wage gap between competitive industries was shrinking.Using Panel VAR model,we analyze the wage spillovers effect among different industries,and we find increasing the wage in manufacturing which often gets lower wage would lead to a faster wage growth in monopoly industries which often gets higher wage.Those effects occurred as a result of wage transmission through non-market channel.So unless we constrain the development of the diversity of labor market,establish a unified one,and eliminate the extra or mark-up wage rise ability in monopoly industries which can maintain and worsen the unreasonable distribution in China,we can't see that an increase in the wage of manufacturing which represents the competitive industry,has the effect of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and the industry income gap,expanding the domestic consumption,and preventing the formation of wage-price spiral rising effect in economy.