通过正当的法律程序控制死刑——从公正审判权的国际标准谈我国死刑司法程序的完善

Control of Death Penalty by the Due Process——Review the improvement of the death penalty procedure in China from the international standards of Fair Trial

公正审判权的国际标准大体上包括平等的法律保护权、无罪推定的权利、侦查阶段的人权、审判阶段的人权、判决后的救济权、不受重复追究的权利和在适用刑法方面的权利七个方面。我国法律规定了着眼于限制死刑适用的特别司法程序,但对照国际标准,这一程序在立法和实施两个方面均存在明显的问题,并由此产生了相当严重的危害后果。为了保证死刑案件的公正审判,严防错杀无辜,争取在合理可接受的限度内平稳地减少死刑的数量,立法人员和司法人员应当坚决摒弃长期以来主导刑事司法全过程的"专政型司法"观念,尽快树立"公正型司法"观念;立法机关和司法机关应当参照公正审判权的国际标准全面完善我国死刑案件的侦查程序、一审程序、二审程序、死刑复核程序和审判监督程序。

The international standards of the right to a fair trial consist of a bundle of rights,primarily the right to equal protection,presumption of innocence,rights during pre-trial investigation,rights in trial,right to adequate remedies,non is in idem,and rights in the application of substantive criminal law.There are certain special protections for persons facing death penalty during the process of capital cases in China's Mainland.However,apparent flaws exist in spite of these protections,and quite serious consequences have occurred.To insure the fairness of dealing with death penalty cases,avoid miscarriage of justice and reduce death penalty stably to acceptably reasonable extent,traditional mentality of dictatorship-oriented criminal justice must be replaced by due process,and the law relating to pre-trial investigation,trial, appeal,proceedings of review and verification of death penalty cases as well as re-opening of criminal cases should be overhauled in the light of international standards.