法律视野下的唐代假宁制度研究

Research on "Permission for Leave" In Tang Dynasty From Legal Perspective

假宁制度是中国古代行政立法的一项重要内容。根据文献记载,至少中国古代从西周时期开始,就有了关于国家官吏请假和休假的法律制度。经过秦汉魏晋南北朝时期的发展,到隋唐时期逐步完善。在隋代的《开皇令》中,首创了《假宁令》的篇目。唐代的律、令、格、式四种法律形式中,皆有假宁制的规定。充满人文精神的唐代假宁制度对于规范国家官吏的作息时间,提高国家机关的行政效率起到了至关重要的作用。唐代的假宁制度对后世及古代周边国家的行政法律制度也产生了重要影响。

The institution of'Permission for Leave'was an important ingredient of ancient Chinese administrative legislation.According to historical sources,there were legal institutions of 'permission for leave' and vacation for state officials no later than Xi Zhou Period in ancient China.After the evolution during Qin,Han and Wei Jin Nan Bei Dynasties,it was fully developed in Sui and Tang Dynasties.In the'Kai Huang Order'of Sui Dynasty,'Order of Permission for Leave' was first created.There were provisions of'Permission for Leave' in the four Law forms—L(u|¨),Ling,Ge,Shi—of Tang Dynasty.The institution of'Permission for Leave' in Tang Dynasty was full of humanitarian spirit,and it was fundamental for the efficiency of state management.The institution of'Permission for Leave'also had powerful influence to the administrative legal system of later Dynasties and ancient neighboring countries.