契据交付:英美法中的“物权行为”——历史的巧合还是生活的必然?

Delivery of Deed:Juristic Act of Real Right in Common Law—Historical Coincidence or Inevitability in Life

根据英美法契据制度,契据交付中包含着明确的意思表示,这个意思表示以产权的直接移转为内容,并且契据交付独立于买卖合同而成为产权移转的基础和原因。因此,契据交付完全符合物权行为的构成要件。与德国法中的物权行为有所不同的是,契据交付既非无因,亦非有因,它与买卖合同之间的效力隔绝甚至要比无因原则更为彻底。这一事实反映了这样一个朴素的生活理念,即私权之变动应基于自由之意志。同时,无因性并非物权行为唯一可选的立法模式。

According to the system of deed in common law,an explicit expression of will,the object of which is to convey the title directly,can be found in the course of delivery of deed,which is independent of the contract for sale and constitutes the cause of title transferring.Different from juristic act of real right in German law,the effect of deed is totally irrelevant to the prior estate contract,and the separation is even more complete than it embodies in principle of abstraction.All these facts reflect a common idea of life that transfer of private right must based on the free will.Meanwhile,principle of abstraction is not the only choice of legislation about juristic act of real right.