闽语的“囝”及其语法化

The Jian(囝)in the Min dialects and its grammaticalization

闽方言的"囝"是非官话方言中仅见的名词后缀。典籍中始见于唐代,原意是儿子,所以未见于上古汉语和其他方言,可能是因为它是壮侗语的"底层"。西片闽语的"囝"只用作名词、不作后缀。沿海闽语的后缀"囝"在闽东、闽南用得广并发生语音的弱化,粤、琼闽语用得不广,语音也未弱化。从闽语"囝"的比较中可以看到实词虚化的过程和若干规律性的现象。

The jian(囝)in the Min dialects is the only substantial suffix outside the official-dialect regions.It appeared firstly in the ancient books in Tang Dynasty standing for son.The rea son that it did not appear in articles of ancient times or in other dialects,is that it may be the substratum of the Kam-Tai languages.The jian(囝)in the Western Min dialects is only used as a noun,but not a suffix.In Eastern and Southern Min dialects,it is widely used as a sub stantial suffix and is phonetically weakened.While in Guangzhou and Hainan Min dialects, it is sometimes used as a substantial suffix but is not phonetically weakened.Comparing the different usages of jian(囝)in the Min dialects can show us the process of grammaticalization and some phenomena of regularity.