九十年来京剧的声调研究之回顾

The Review of the Study on Yunbai of the Beijing Opera in these Nineties of Years

九十年来,不少学者试图说明或描述京剧的声调特征,但所得结论却不尽相同。关于京剧语音系统的归属有方言说、艺术语言说,关于京剧的调类有五声说、四声说,对京剧的声调系统的构拟分歧也很大。这一方面表明京剧的声调性质比较复杂,对它进行科学描述不太容易,另一方面也与研究主体对研究对象本质的看法和采取的研究方法的不同不无关系。

In these nineties of years,a lot of scholars tried to describe the tones of Yunbai (a spe- cial kind of musical speech in Beijing opera).And we can see some different viewpoints or conclusions on this problem.The phonological system of Yunbai was considered as a phono- logical system of dialects or a phonological system of artistic languages.On the category of tones, someone agreed that Yunbai have five kinds of tones,including yin yang shang qu ru; but someone would rather believe it has four kinds of tones,including yin yang shang ru. In the meantime,there are also some different viewpoints on the re-constructing of the tonal system of Yunbai.All of these can prove that it isn't an easy work describing the tones of Yunbai for its having complex qualities.On the other way, more one fact can be found that the different methods,which were used to study this problem, led to these different conclu- sions.