试谈“还”和“又”的反问用法

‘Hai'and‘You'in rhetorical questions

"还"表示反问时有两种意义:持续和增量,"还"构成的反问句就是对持续或增量的否定。文章运用"语义量级"、"量级模型"、"衍推"等概念对反问句中"还"的增量用法作了进一步的分析。"又"构成的反问句可以分为两类:显同类和显异类。这两类反问句都存在着相应的背景句,背景句和反问句存在着一定的对立关系。"又"正是通过向受话人突出对立关系而使结果得到加强。"显同"类的"又"不可以用"还"替换,"显异"类的"又"可以用"还"替换。

‘Hai'(还)has two meanings when used in rhetorical question:continuance and increment.Rhetorical question consists of‘Hai'is a negation to continuance and increment. Further analysis has been made in this paper on the usage of increment of‘Hai'in rhetorical question by using the concepts‘semantic grade',‘grade model'and‘entailment'.The rhetorical question consists of‘You'(又) can be classified as two categories:obvious same types and obvious different types.These two types of rhetorical questions have respective background sentences which have certain oppositional relationship with rhetorical questions. By putting emphasis on oppositional relationship to receiver,‘You' achieves the enhancement of result.‘You' in obvious same types can not be replaced by‘Hai' and‘You' in obvious different types can be replaced by‘Hai'.