西方语法化理论概览(下)

A Sketching of Grammaticalization:Preconditions,Motivations,Mechanisms and Recent Approaches

语法化发生的条件、动因和机制是语法化理论体系的重要组成部分。语法化肇端于语用推理,语义空泛、高频和特定篇章情境是语法化发生的几个条件,重新分析和类推是语法化演变的两大机制。近10年来,国际语言学界掀起了语法化研究的热潮,语法化研究的课题有所拓展,学界对语法化的认识也更加深入。

Preconditions,motivations and mechanisms are three main cornerstones of the system of grammaticalization.Commonly,a grammaticalization process is induced by pragmatic inference, the emergence of a grammatical form is based on the frequency use of that form,as well as the generalization of its meaning.In addition,reanalysis and analogy can be regarded as two main mechanisms of grammaticalization change.In recent years,this issue has attracted many grammarians' attention,they have broadened the scope of grammaticalization study, which caused us to get a deeper understanding of the issue.