劳动生产率与价值量关系的微观法则与宏观特征

The Relationships between Labor Productivity and the Value of Commodities:the Micro-rules and Macro-characteristics

在劳动价值论研究上存在着三个似乎互为悖论的命题:劳动生产率与商品价值量成正比,商品的价值量与体现在商品中的劳动量成正比,与这一劳动的生产率成反比。对此,长期以来在学术界争论不已。本文考察了国内外相关研究的系列成果,试图通过对商品价值量在不同场合的含义(个别价值量、社会价值量以及产出价值量)进行科学界定,并通过构建商品价值的"差异性"(包括期差性、域差性以及业差性)的概念从而得出了上述三个命题在一定条件下能够同时成立的结论。由此,还对一些现实经济问题做出了一些新的解释。

There are three seemingly paradoxical propositions in the research of labor theory of value:labor productivity is proportional to the value of commodities while the value of commodities is proportional to labor reflected by the commodities and the inverse of labor productivity.In this regard,there is much debate in the academia.This paper examines a series of relevant research results at home and abroad.By scientifically defining the commodity value and meaning(individual value,social value and value outputs) on different occasions and building a ' heterogeneity'(including the phase difference nature of the domain,and industry differences between poor),we conclude that the above three propositions can be simultaneously true under certain conditions.As a result,we also give some new interpretation to a number of practical economic issues.