公平观念的再认识

The Reacquaint of the Idea of Equity

在市场经济的发展过程中,公平与效率的关系问题引起了人们的极大关注,然而却没有形成统一的认识。本文以社会发展为主线,对人类社会演化中的公平观念进行考察。通过分析发现,把公平与效率对立起来是一个伪命题,其科学关系遵循生产力一效率一公平范式。公平与效率的关系可以从两个方面来理解。一方面,公平与效率在一定范围内是统一的,超出这个范围就是矛盾的,而这个范围是由生产力发展水平及其相应的社会生产关系所决定的。另一方面,随着生产力的发展,公平的标准是不断变化的,其变化实质上是由效率推动的。公平是平等与效率的权衡,人类追求公平与效率的过程就是寻求平等与效率最适度搭配的过程。

During the course of establishing the socialistic market economy,the relation between equity and efficiency has attracted people's extreme concerns.However,there is no explanation or analysis universally accepted to interpret it.Basing on the clue of society development,this article has made a historic analysis of the evolving idea of equity.We find,it is a false proposition to oppose equity against efficiency or vice versa,whose scientific relation should be the paradigm of 'productivity-efficiencyequity '.The equity and efficiency are always two aspects of one question,which can be comprehended from two related stages as follows.On one hand,equity and efficiency can be considered as a whole within some range,while beyond which they are contradicted with each other.This range is determined by the development level of productivity and its corresponding social production relations.On the other hand,with the development of productivity,the criteria of judging the equity changes constantly.During the course of changing,equity is generally formal while efficiency is the essence.Equity itself is the trade off between equality and efficiency.The process in which humankind pursue equity and efficiency is the very one in which they pursue the most appropriate arrangements of equality and efficiency.