经济转轨与制度变迁方式比较研究——以中俄改革战略演变为背景的分析

A Comparative Study on Economic Transition and Institutional Change Mode—based on reform of China and Russia

本文在对已有的制度变迁、制度变迁方式理论进行总结的基础上,提出了一个新的分析制度变迁方式的理论,即把制度变迁划分为两种基本的类型:一种是内生规则制度变迁;一种是外生规则制度变迁。并在这一框架内提出了中国和俄罗斯两种新的制度变迁方式模型:中国的改革实质上是内生规则相机抉择制度变迁。俄罗斯的改革,是典型的外生规则强制性制度变迁。由于制度的内生规则本身就是对新制度需求而做的"自适应"调整,因此,内生规则的制度变迁和演化更容易达到或接近制度安排的适应性效率。通过对中俄两国改革战略演变的分析,本文进一步证明中国的制度变迁的效率性,俄罗斯的制度变迁导致经济改革不成功的原因所在。

Based on review of existing theory of institutional change and the theory of institutional change mode,this paper proposes a new theory of institutional change mode.In this theory,institutional change is divided into two basic types:institutional change of internal rules and institutional change of external rules.And in essence,the institutional change of China is discretionary institutional change of internal rules,while the institutional change of Russia is compulsory institutional change of external rules.Because internal rule itself is 'adaptive' adjustment to demand for new institution,institutional change and evolution of internal rules more easily reaches or approaches adaptive efficiency. Through the analysis of strategic evolution of reform of China and Russia,the paper further affirms the efficiency of China's institutional change,and points out the reason of the failure of Russian economic reform.