拉丁美洲新自由主义转型的政治经济学

The Political Economy of the Neoliberal:Transition in Latin America

本文研究了拉丁美洲由进口替代型的工业化(ISI)向新自由主义的转型,并且对这个地区新自由主义政策的效果做出了评价。作者特别研究了阿根廷、巴西和墨西哥这几个在拉美地区面积最大、人口最多的国家。文章认为,在过去的20年中,虽然拉美的经济增长缓慢,但是其变化却是巨大的。新自由主义改革带来了宏观经济的稳定、促成了一个由外国资本支持的消费主导型增长的循环。然而,改革是有限的,它并未克服进口替代型工业化(ISI)的缺点,而且新的经济形态还同时受到新自由主义特殊缺陷的不良影响。最后,文章认为,拉美地区需要一种截然不同的经济模式,即民主的和分配经济模式。文章对这种经济模式进行了概述。

This paper examines the transition from import-substituting industrialisation (ISI) to neoliberalism in Latin America,and assesses the performance of neoliberal policies in this region.Special reference is made to the largest and most populous countries in the area,Argentina,Brazil and Mexico.The paper argues that Latin American economies grew very little but changed substantially during the last two decades.The neoliberal reforms contributed to macroeconomic stabilisation and induced a cycle of consumption-led growth financed by foreign capital.However,the reforms were limited because they failed to address the shortcomings of ISI,and the new economic model was also plagued by the specific flaws of neoliberalism.The paper concludes with an overview of the requisites for an alternative (democratic and distributive) economic model for the region.