全球化与比较政治经济学——论效率、效率体制和后进发展

Globalisation and Comparative Political Economy:of Efficiency,Efficient Institutions and Late Development

全球化对民族国家的政治经济体制的逻辑要求,是同一化还是多元化?这种要求是建立在什么理论依据上的?对后进发展而言含义又是什么?对于这些问题,传统的比较经济制度文献无从回答,因为它所凭借的方法论(个人化理性选择及其均衡)与专注的研究对象(现实上的多样化体制和发展经验)之间存在着内在矛盾。面对这个矛盾,新比较经济学中的主流理论试图在更根本层面上重新肯定新古典经济学的方法论,而新古典经济学之外的各种努力,则试图综合个人化理性和集体理性以建立起包容多样性的体制理论。本文认为,这后一种传统更有助于知识发展,而全球化年代的比较政治经济学的全面发展,还必须将客观化体制和范式化技术放在核心位置。依循这个思路,本文进而提出,在相关文献中继承古典政治经济学的一系列理论,尤其是有关马克思经济学中的社会生产力理论,对上述知识发展而言应是不可或缺的。

Does globalisation entail a demand for uniformity,or diversity,of the politico-economic institutions of nationstates? What is the theoretical underpinning of the demand? And what are the implications of the demand for late development? The conventional literature known as comparative economic systems has been unable to answer these questions, because there is an intrinsic tension between its methodology (the neoclassical framework of individualistic rational choices and their equilibrium) and the subject matter (the multiplicity of institutions and development experiences in the real world).The new comparative economics has consisted of a variety of attempts to cope with this tension,some aimed at preserving the neoclassical framework at a more fundamental level,while some others aimed at transcending the framework to arrive at a new theory of economic systems and development.This paper argues that attempts that adhere to the neoclassical tradition are likely to lead to dead ends,while attempts that encompass collective as well as individualistic rationality represent more promising directions.Fuller developments of the literature,however,require incorporating objectified institutions and paradigmised technology into its sphere of inquiry.It is submitted that there are important lessons to learn from classical political economy and their modern presentations,particularly Marxian theories of the social forces of production,in this regard.