鹧鸪属23种鸟类的鸣声结构、鸣叫行为及基于鸣声的分组(英文)

Vocal structure, behavior and partitioning of all 23 Pternistis spp. into homologous sound(and monophyletic) groups

本文描述了鹧鸪属(Pternistis spp.)23种鸟类的鸣叫特点,比较了占区/求偶鸣叫在种间的差异,并依据鸣叫(主要为占区/求偶鸣叫)特征,对这23种鹧鸪进行了分组。共分析了非洲所有23种鹧鸪的22个种的218段录音、约300句鸣叫,另有一种鹧鸪的鸣叫分析源于文献。结果表明,每种鹧鸪可发出7–11种鸣叫,这些鸣叫可分为3大类:1)占区/求偶鸣叫;2)警戒叫声、雏鸟和亚成鸟索群叫声、觅食叫声等维持群体关系叫声;3)雌雄两性间以及雌鸟与幼鸟间联络鸣叫。Hall(1963)将鹧鸪分为5个单系类群。本文将鹧鸪的鸣叫分为8个组,其中的5个组与Hall(1963)划分的单系类群基本一致。不同种类间占区/求偶鸣叫的差异虽然减少了同域分布的鹧鸪种间的杂交,但由于鹧鸪的遗传距离较小,种间杂交仍不可避免。本研究还基于鸣声确认了哈氏鹧鸪(P.hartlaubi)仍属于鹧鸪属鸟类,尽管其叫声与其它鹧鸪叫声有很大的差异。

The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.