机械论自然观发展的历程与困境述略

A Short Discussion on the Development and Challenge of Mechanistic Viewpoint of Nature

机械论自然观萌芽于古希腊,途经中世纪和近代科学革命,逐步渗透到西方世界社会生活的各个方面,至19世纪,其影响力始达顶峰。19世纪末20世纪初,机械论自然观受到挑战并渐趋式微。20世纪60年代,混沌理论给机械论自然观以致命一击,其影响力、统治力开始走下坡路。但在当今世界现实生活中,机械论自然观仍有着重要影响。机械论自然观如何从无到有,从弱小发展到强大,却又因何陷入困境,无疑是一个值得研究的课题。

Mechanistic viewpoint of nature originated from the ancient Greek and developed in Middle Ages and modern science revolution,gradually penetrated into every aspect of social life. Its influence began to be flourished in the 19th century. Mechanistic viewpoint of nature was challenged and tended to be falling. In the1960s,this viewpoint suffered a fatal strike with the Chaos Theory emerged. Then its influence and dominating power went from bad to worse. Today,mechanistic viewpoint still has its own impact on reality. Undoubtedly,it is a subject to be worthy of studying on how it was generated,how it developed and fell,and how it was in dilemma.