国家的治理与社会正义——以个人天赋为中心的分析

National governance and social justice-analysis of individual talent

天赋是一个人与生俱来的资质,如何看待天赋的分布,特别是在人类面对天赋的分布这一自然事实时,所产生的人类行为,成了正义争论的焦点。本文尝试着梳理罗尔斯、诺奇克、德沃金等对天赋的分布与正义的分配的思想,追寻这些思想背后的根基。在此基础上,对如何面对天赋的问题进行探讨分析;进而,提出了在国家治理中通过不侵犯个人权利的前提下,通过天赋基金以及差别的社会天赋关怀等手段,对天赋这类自然的偶然因素进行一种正义的安排的主张。而这种安排的正义与否有待于进一步的探讨,以及现实社会生活的检验。

The talent is innate aptitude of a person,how to look at the distribution of talent,especially in the human face of the talent distribution of natural fact,human behavior,became a justice point of contention. This paper try to Combing the idea of Rawls,Nozick,Dworkin distribution of talent and justice assigned to pursue these ideas behind the foundation. On this basis,the problem of how to deal with talent; thus proposed national governance by the premise does not infringe on the rights of the individual,the talent of such natural talent fund as well as differences in social talent care means,the causal factors for a just arrangement ideas. The justice of this arrangement or not remains to be further explored,as well as a test of the reality of social life.