PCK视域下教师的学生知识及其发展

Study on Teachers' Knowledge about Students in the Fields of PCK and Its Development

关于学生的知识是教师学科教学知识(PCK)的重要构成。PCK视域下教师的学生知识包括四个基本要素:对学生已有知识和经验的了解,对学生在具体内容认知中相关理解的了解,对学生在具体学习任务中相关认知的了解,对学生易于理解的知识呈现方式的了解。发展教师学生知识的理论涉及到知识论、认识论、角色论和认知方式等。发展教师学生知识的主要策略有:深化对学科的理解,建构课程知识,形成关注学生学习的教学思维方式,进行教学解释,开展行动研究,编写教学案例。

The Knowledge about Students is an Important component of teachers' PCK.Teachers' knowledge about students in the fields of PCK includes the knowledge about what students knew,the knowledge about students' understanding and misunderstanding of specific content,the knowledge about students' cognition of learning tasks,and the knowledge about representation of specific content that is easy to understand for students.The theories of developing teachers' knowledge about students involve theory of knowledge,theory of epistemology,theory of role,and theory of cognitive style.The following strategies for teachers developing their knowledge about students are proposed:promoting their understanding of subject,developing their knowledge of curriculum,forming the teaching thinking mode teachers pay attention to students learning,explaining their teaching,doing action research,and write teaching cases.