现代自我认同何以可能——基于查尔斯·泰勒的道德地形学的思考

On Possibility Reasons of Modern Self-identity:Based on Moral Topography of Charles Taylor

在日益祛魅的当代社会中,价值逐渐从事实中剥离出来,道德的崇高意义日益褪色,自我认同、主体性重构等问题日益凸显。查尔斯·泰勒认为,在目前社会生活中,人们对日常生活的肯定无以复加,而对道德理想的关注付诸阙如,恰恰是层层积淀的道德理想和观念构成了人类生活的基石并改变着日常生活。当所有的价值理性、道德的崇高意义沦落为工具理性的替代物时,人之为人的特性就不复存在。查尔斯·泰勒建构了道德地形学、多元化的道德根源、强评估、本真性伦理等概念给无所适从的现代人提供了安身立命之所,给现代自我认同和主体性重建何以可能等问题提供了理论基础。事实上,这种建构善的、崇高意义的道德标准并非是宗教式的评判,而是在个人主义的基础上参阅历史上积淀下来的道德观念,在日常生活的交往基础上形成一种较好的评价标准。同时,这对解决我国社会生活中原子化、利己主义盛行的现象有一定借鉴意义。

The disenchantment is growing in the contemporary society and the value is gradually separating from fact.,In fact,the lofty meaning of moral is increasingly fading and the self-identity,subjectivity reconstruction problems are also being highlighted.Charles Taylor believed that people in the social life pay more attention to the daily life than to the moral ideal and concept which is actually the foundation of human life and that can change the daily life.When the value rationality and the lofty meaning of moral is replaced by the instrumental rationality,the characteristics of the human being's behavior would cease to exist.Charles Taylor raises the concept of The Moral Topography,diversity of moral roots,Strong moral evaluation,and the Ethics of Authenticity.Those concepts provide the theoretical foundation and basis for the self-identity and reconstruction of subjectivity.In fact,the construction of good,moral standards is not religious judgment,but a good evaluation criterion that are formed on the bases of interactions of everyday life.At the same time,this has certain reference significance to solve the atomization of social life and the prevalence phenomenon of the self-interest.