1Keumsoon Lee,The Border-Crossing North Koreans:Current Situations and Future Prospects [M].Seoul:Korea Institute for National Unification, 2006:24.
2Andrei Lankov, North Korean Refugees in Northeast China [J]. Asian Survey, 2004 ( 6 ) : 856-873.
3Berry,J. W. Psychology of Acculturation[J]. Berman ,J. J. ,ed. Cross-cul- tural Perspectives, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990:201-234.
4Norma Kang Muico,An Absence of Choice:Sexual Exploitation of North Korean Women in China[M]. London: Anti-Slavery International,2005:14-36.
5Keumsoon Lee, The Border-Crossing North Koreans: Current Situations and Future Prospects [M].Seoul: Korea Institute for National Unification, 2006:39.
8Keumsoon Lee, The Border-Crossing North Koreans: Current Situations and Future Prospects [M].Seoul: Korea Institute for National Unification, 2006:24.
9Yoonok Chang, Stephan Haggard, Marcus Noland, North Korean Refugees in China:evidence from survey [J]. Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland,The North Korean Refugee Crisis:Human Rights and International Response,Washington:U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2006:21.