汉代铸造铸钱金属范之陶范的分析研究

Clay molds for casting metal molds used in minting techniques in the Han Dynasty

汉代的铸钱遗址中出土了大量铸造铸钱金属范的阳文陶范,阳文陶范既反映出了铸造金属范时的铸型,又可看出所铸造的铸钱金属范的铸型。为揭示铸钱金属范的铸造工艺及变迁,本工作从铸造工艺角度对阳文陶范进行分析,通过对汉代阳文陶范出土概况的统计,了解了阳文陶范铸型的变迁。以西安相家巷和窝头寨铸钱遗址采集的阳文陶范为基础,对陶范的面层与背层进行了X射线荧光成分分析,在电子探针下对型腔面进行了形貌和成分分析。分析结果表明,阳文陶范分层制作的原因是为了将模上的钱币铭文和形状清晰地复印到陶范上,型腔面的检测不能表明是否使用了表面涂料。

Many clay molds,which were used to cast metal molds for minting bronze coins have been excavated from Han Dynasty mint sites in Shaanxi province,.We can understand not only how ancient craftsmen used a clay mold to cast a metal mold,but also how a metal mold was used to cast bronze coins in the Han dynasty.The change in clay mold structures used for casting metal molds in the Han dynasty is presented in this paper.There were three kinds of pouring gates in the clay molds.Most clay molds were made of two layers: a facing mold and a backing mold.Some clay mold remains from Xiangjiaxiang and Wotouzhai minting sites were analyzed.The compositions of five clay molds analyzed by XRF showed no identical difference between the facing and backing materials.The two-layer mold was used so that a clearer cavity surface could be made from a model.The compositions of cavity surface and non-cavity surface of one of the facing molds(Xiaoquanzhiyi No.2) was studied by Electron Probe analysis,but it could not be determined whether or not any coating was applied to the cavity surface,suggesting that this mold was used to cast an iron mold,which could be another important type of metal mold used during the Han dynasty.