政府推动的环境共治格局的创建——贵阳市“两湖一库”饮用水源地的环境共治实践与启示

The Emergence of Government-driven Environment Governance:the Practices of the" Two Lakes and One Reservoir" Drinking Water Source of Guiyang City,Guizhou Province

农业面源污染治理涉及到多类利益相关者,是实践区域环境共治的重要领域。贵阳市通过政府内部的体制创新,激发多方共同参与"两湖一库"饮用水源地的环境保护,取得了积极的进展,具有重要的借鉴价值。贵阳市政府通过设立权责统一的管理局,对水资源和环境负责,解决了多头管理的弊端;设立环保法庭作为环境的司法保障,并进行监督管理;设立政府背景的基金会,募集社会资金支持生态工程、环保公益项目和环保诉讼等。随着三个机构,特别是基金会的运作和与其它参与方的合作,扩展了可供多方参与的环境共治制度空间,逐渐有非政府组织、城乡居民、各类机构等参与其中,各利益相关方相互配合、各有侧重,已经初步形成了区域环境共治的稳定机制。虽然该区域的环境共治格局还有改进和完善的空间,但其发展的理念和思路在我国现今的国情中,具有重要的理论创新和借鉴意义。

Effective control of agricultural non-point pollution requires a shift from government-dominated regulation to multi-actors involved environmental governance.Through innovations within the existing institutional framework,Guiyang municipal government succeeded in creating a new platfonn and mechanisms that enabled the participation of varied stakeholders in the protection of the ' two lake and one reservoir' area.Although this 'Guiyang model' still has room for improvement,the idea behind may inspire many others, for instance:to solve the problems of compartmentalized water management by creating an overarching water bureau;to set up an environmental court as an important judicial guarantee and a supervisor over the water bureau;to start a foundation to raise funds for environmental projects and environmental litigation.With the operation and cooperation of these three functional organizations,new institutional space has been created for the participation of governmental and non-governmental stakeholders,who played different but complementary roles in the environmental governance of the region.