生态系统健康评价及指示物种评价法研究进展

Advances in Assessment of Ecosystem Health and Indicator Species Method

生态系统健康是人类可持续发展的根本保证,健康的生态系统既要满足自身可持续发展,又要保证其服务功能。本文综述了生态系统健康的发展过程,对其概念进行了阐述。生态系统健康评价、服务功能评价和风险评价作为三类常用的生态系统评价方法,本文对其间的区别与联系进行了分析。指示物种评价法是生态系统健康评价的常用基本方法,在结合国内外生态系统健康评价典型案例的基础上,归纳总结了该评价方法的优缺点,指示物种评价方法简便易行但不够准确全面。根据生态系统健康研究领域的新动态,指出了生态系统健康评价存在的问题及今后的发展趋势,包括评价标准严格化、胁迫分析与病变症状的对应关系、定性评价与定量评价相结合以及充分利用现代科学技术作为评价手段。

Ecosystem health is the basis for the survival and development of human society.Healthy ecosystem should not only meet sustainable development,but also ensure service functions.This paper reviewed development process and conception of ecosystem health,discussed difference and relationship among assessment of ecosystem health,ecosystem service function and ecological risk.Indicator Species Method was one of basic methods of ecosystem health assessment.Combined with typical cases of ecosystem health assessment at home and abroad,the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were summarized.Indicator species method was simple, convenient and feasible,but was not accurate and comprehensive enough.According to new dynamics in the field of ecosystem health research,problems and further directions of ecosystem health assessment were points out,including evaluation criterion severed, relationship between stresses analysis and symptoms,qualitative and quantitative evaluation combined,tightening and full utilizaton of modern technology as the evaluation means.