模块化的水污染防治政策评估模式探讨

A Modularized Evaluation Mode of Water Pollution Prevention Policy in China

经过近30年的发展,我国已经拥有了较为完整的水污染防治政策体系。为了保证政策制订和执行的有效性,需要进行政策评估,目前我国尚未建立完善评估模式和评估流程。本研究首先构建了"模块化"的评估模式,将水污染防治政策在制订、实施过程中的关键环节分解为八个评估模块:政策结果、政策目标、政策措施、执行者、目标群体、监督机制、处罚机制、政策条文。给出了每个模块的评估内容及其要回答的关键问题,同时提供了可选的评估方法。继而将现有政策分为:行政命令型、经济刺激型、公众参与型以及混合型四类,给出了每个类型政策的重点评估模块。在构建"模块化"的水污染防治政策评估模式的基础上,给出了水污染防治政策评估的一般流程,将评估划分为三个阶段:政策解析;评估过程,以及撰写评估报告书。并给出了每个阶段的具体内容和步骤。本研究为我国水污染政策评估在规范化及可操作性方面提供有益的探索。

After around 30 years development,Chinese government has built a relative unity water pollution prevention policy system.To guarantee the effectiveness of those policies through processes from design to execution,policy evaluation is needed,while there has not a mature policy evaluation mode and evaluation procedures in herein in China.The key elements of water pollution prevention policy are decomposed into eight evaluation modular: output,goals,methods,executor,target groups,inspection mechanism,punishment mechanism,policy articles.For every evaluation modular,the detail items as well as the questions for each item to answer are given,and the selective methods for evaluation are presented.Based on the execution mechanism,water pollution prevention policy are grouped into four types,administrative commanding,economic stimulus,public participation,and mixed.For each type of policy,the key elements influencing the effectiveness of the policy execution is analyzed,and the key evaluation modular for each type is given.Succeeded by the constructive of the modularized evaluation mode,a general evaluation procedures for water pollution prevent policy is w,and the procedures is divided into three stages,decompose of water pollution prevention policy,evaluation process,evaluation report written.For each stage,the detail contents and procedures are given.This study is a useful exploration for the formularization and operability of evaluation of water pollution prevention policy.