快速城市化背景下的防洪减灾对策研究

Measures for Flood Protection and Damage Mitigation under the Developing Background of High-speed Urbanization

城市化改变了洪涝灾害风险的孕灾环境、致灾因子和承灾体的脆弱性,相应地,洪涝灾害的风险也随之加大了。在这种大环境下,采取合理可行的防洪减灾对策来降低洪涝风险就变得非常重要了。笔者认为应采取工程措施和非工程措施相结合的防洪减灾对策,工程措施方面主要包括提高防洪堤的防洪标准、提高城市排水能力、提高城市广场和绿地的占地面积、铺设楼顶蓄水池和地下蓄水池,非工程措施方面主要包括做好防洪规划、加强防洪评价,进行洪涝灾害风险分析,加强洪水预报预警工作,普及城市居民的防灾意识。

Urbanization changes flood breeding environment,causing factors and vulnerability of regions exposed to floods,and flood risk increases accordingly.Under the background,it is quite important to adopt reasonable and feasible measures for flood protection and damage mitigation to decrease flood risks.The measures mainly include structural measures and nonstructural measures;the former comprising improving flood control standards of urban levee and water drainage capability,increasing the area of urban plazas and greenbelts,laying top floor cisterns and underground cisterns,while the later comprising perfecting flood control planning and strengthening flood control assessment,analyzing flood risks,strengthening flood prediction and warning,and evocating urban residents' consciousness of flood control.