应对气候变化的有效途径:二氧化碳捕集与封存

Effective Way to Address Climate Change:Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

全球气候变暖问题日益严重,二氧化碳(CO2)捕集与封存(CCS)技术被看作是最有发展前景的解决该问题的技术之一。CCS技术主要包括三个环节:CO2捕集、运输和封存。本文首先介绍了CO2捕集技术,该技术按工艺主要分为燃烧前捕集、富氧燃烧捕集和燃烧后捕集。随后介绍了CO2封存技术,该技术根据封存地点不同可分为地质封存和海洋封存。在众多的CO2封存技术中,CO2强化采油(CO2-EOR)技术由于其较高的经济效益近年来得到广泛应用。虽然CCS技术发展很快,但仍存在很多问题,如CO2泄漏问题、资金投入大等。但是,随着各国政府越来越重视CCS技术的研究和开发,相信未来该技术在抵制全球气候变暖问题上会发挥重要的作用。

Carbon dioxide(CO2) capture and storage(CCS) technology is seen as one of the most promising solutions to climate changes.The CCS technology includes three aspects: CO2 capture,transport and storage.Firstly,this paper introduces the CO2 capture technology,which can be categorized into pre-combustion capture,enriched oxygen combustion capture and post-combustion capture.Then the paper introduces the CO2 storage technology,which can be categorized into geology storage and ocean storage according to storage site.Among the many CO2 storage technologies,because of high economic benefits,CO2 enhanced oil recovery(CO2-EOR) technology has been widely used in recent years.Although the CCS technology has developed rapidly,there are still many problems,such as the CO2 leak and high investment.However,as governments increasingly attach importance to research and development of the CCS technology,it will play an important role in resisting global warming in the future.