从废物管理向可持续材料管理的战略调整

Strategic Adjustment from Waste Management to Sustainable Materials Management

近年一些发达国家废物管理战略出现重要调整,形成可持续材料管理的国际潮流。本文首先概括可持续材料管理快速发展的基本背景,明确可持续材料管理的内涵,然后分析其不同于传统废物管理的特点,在此基础上归纳可持续材料管理的主要原则,最后提出可持续材料管理对于中国发展循环经济的借鉴意义。本文认为,中国循环经济发展已经从废物管理末端转向产品生命周期的前端,与各国开展的可持续材料管理实践存在一致性。但是在如何加强前端管理以及具体政策促进方面,有些国际经验值得借鉴:循环经济需要设定不同层次的政策目标,采取多种政策手段,形成一体化政策体系;需要加强政府部门之间以及政府与其它利益相关者之间的合作;以及需要加强国际合作等。最后指出,可持续材料管理仍处于探索中,中国应将末端废物管理与产品生命周期前端管理相结合,更有前瞻性地完善中国资源再生产业发展,更有效地实现社会经济可持续发展。

Waste management strategy of some developed countries has been under adjustment in recent years.Sustainable materials management becomes an international trend.This paper first summarizes the background of rapid development in sustainable materials management,and clarifies the definition of sustainable materials management,and then points out the differences between the traditional waste management policy and sustainable materials management.Based on the analysis of four main principles of sustainable materials management,the paper discusses the implications of the sustainable materials management for Chinese circular economy.This paper argues that the development of circular economy in China has shifted from the end of the waste management to the upstream materials management,and it is consistent with other countries in the sustainable material management practices.But as far as strengthening the upstream material management and promoting specific policies are concerned,some international experiences are worth learning;China needs to set different levels of policy objectives and adopts a variety of policy instruments in order to develop an integrated policy system. China should strengthen the cooperation between government departments as well as between the government and other stakeholders. China needs to improve international cooperation.Finally,sustainable materials management is still under exploration,China should combine the downstream waste management with the upstream materials management,improve the development of China resources recovery industry with forward-looking vision,and achieve sustainable economic and social development more effectively.