美国NGO参与气候变化的策略及行为模式探析

The Analysis of NGOs' Strategies and Behavior Patterns in Participating in Climate Change issues in the United States

本文以美国非政府组织(Non-Government Organization,NGO)为例,重点关注NGO以影响气候公共政策和私人部门行为为目的的策略和工作方式。依NGO与公共部门或私人部门的关系模式及发挥影响的过程两个维度,将NGO采取的策略区分为直接-合作、间接-合作、直接-对抗、间接-对抗四种类型。以此策略分析框架为基础,文章以个体NGO所采用的工作方式及其活动案例,之后从整体角度阐释美国NGO参与气候变化的行动特征及其晚近发展趋势。

This paper takes NGOs in the United States as examples to focus on their strategies and workings aiming at influencing public policies in climate and activities of private sector.It also mentions public education and advocacy as means to influence public policies and private sector activities.According to the relationship and the influence process between NGOs and the public sector or private sector,NGO's strategies are divided into four types:direct cooperation,indirect cooperation,direct confrontation and indirect confrontation. This paper which is based on the analysis of the above strategies cites NGO's workings and examples of activities,and then elaborates the characteristics of activities that NGOs in America participate in when addressing climate change and its recent trends from the whole point.