外贸出口虚拟污染贡献分析及节能减排对策研究

Analysis of Contribution of Export Virtual Pollution in Trade and Study on the Policy in Energy-saving and Emission-reducing

中国是对外贸易大国,但在获得贸易价值量顺差的同时,大量出口导致的巨额环境逆差日益凸显。本文通过投入产出模型,分析2002年、2005年、2007年外贸出口产值及虚拟SO_2、CO_2排放量,发现出口的虚拟污染排放量及占国内总排放比重相当可观,外贸经济贡献要小于污染贡献,这在部分典型行业体现得尤为明显。同时,2005-2007年,外贸节能减排取得一定成效,出口虚拟SO_2排放总量降幅10.4%,万元出口产值的虚拟CO_2排放强度下降21%,外贸行业具有巨大的节能减排潜力。通过调整进出口关税、优化贸易结构、提高产品资源环境效率等措施,可以有效缓解外贸导致的资源环境逆差,更好实现节能减排。

As a great country in trade,China has made enormous trade surplus in terms of the monetary value,but environment deficit in terms of environmental indicators.The paper uses the input-output model to analyze the export monetary value and virtual emission of SO_2,CO_2 in trade in 2002,2005,2007.And we find that the emission of export virtual pollutant is huge and has a great proportion in natural emission;what is more,the contribution in economic is smaller than that in pollution,especially in some typical industries. However,energy-saving and emission-reducing have acquired some effect,the emission of export virtual SO_2 has decreased by 10.4%, and CO_2 emission intensity has reduce 21%;that' s to say,the trade has great potential in energy-saving and emission-reducing in the 12th Five Year Plan Period.The measures,consisting of adjusting tariff in import and export,optimizing structure in trade and improving resource-environment efficiency of products,could alleviate resource and environment deficit effectively,and achieve energy-saving and emission-reducing better.