传统知识与生态灾变救治

Traditional Knowledge and Ecological Catastrophe Treatment:A Case Study of Stony Desertification Mountain Areas in Southwes China

西南地区石漠化灾变问题,已引起社会、学术界的高度关注。面对石漠化灾变问题,不同学科提出了不同的救治方略。本文认为灾变是立足于人类安全而提出的文化概念,为此,人类对灾变的理解中必然打上价值判断的烙印。而价值判断髓文化而异,因民族而别,以致于不同民族对灾变的理解并不完全一致。从终极意义上讲,作为生物属性的人类,为了谋求生命的延续与发展,都具有趟利避害的禀赋,生息在我国西南地区石漠化区域的苗族、瑶族、布依族等少数民族,他们在应对石漠化过程中形成了整套知识体系。该知识体系在本民族社会内部依靠社会合力去减缓受灾的程度,甚至化解灾变。

The problem of stony desertification catastrophe in Southwest China has caused more attention from the society and academia. To solve the problem of stony edsertification catastrophe,scientists put forward different treatment measures.This paper argues that catastrophe is a cultural concept that is established in human security.Therefore,humans'understanding of the catastrophe is bound to have a mark of value judgment.Nonetheless,value judgments are different due to cultures and nationalities.Different nationalities' understandings of the catastrophe are not entirely consistent.From the ultimate sense,as the humankind having biological properties, we have a natural endowment drawing on advantages and avoiding disadvantages in order to strive for the continuation of life and development.Ethnic minorities such as the Miao,the Yao,the Buyi,and so forth that live at the stony desertification areas in Southwest China have formed a complete set of knowlege system in the process of dealing with stony desertification.This knowledge system relies on social forces to mitigate the degree of catastrophe and even to defuse the catastrophe.