“新时期英雄”——20世纪80年代新的主体建构

The New Era Heroes—A New Kind of Subject Constructed in the 1980s

文革结束后,"新时期"要与"文革"历史划清界限,并在20世纪50年代至60年代的实践中,筛选那些建构"新时期"所需要的资源。在此过程中,社会主义现代化作为最主要的标准,中国文学根据这一标准呼唤新的主体。当代中国文学的主体形象一直以"我们"的名义登场,成为预设某种认同并拥有共同的价值指向的集体。随着社会语境和价值指向的变化,"我们"所指的具体对象也发生微妙的变化。本文将分析,在"新时期"文坛上出现的"我们"的内涵,以讨论这个时期的文学追求的价值是什么,还有社会对之要求的以及文学自身要肩负的使命是什么。作为具体实践,本文将探讨当代文学中的"当代英雄"形象与"新时期"的话语结合起来的"新时期英雄"形象被建构的过程。这一讨论将显示出"新时期"的实践并不仅仅是在"改革开放"的政策指导下所进行的"全盘西化",而是与中国语境互动的复杂活动。

As the 'Cultural Revolution' ended,the 'New Era' decided to stay away from the 'Cultural Revolution,' sorting out some experiences in the 1950s and 1960s as resource for the 'New Era.' In the process,literature of China's Mainland welcomed a new kind of subject which met a new criterion of 'socialist modernization,' which became the most influential among principal criteria for the new age.'We(我们)',as the subject calls itself in literature,presumed a certain group of people collectively pursuing a certain set of values.And what 'we' referred to slightly differed according to the changing social context and modification of value.This report analyzes which value the 'New Era' literature pursued and what mission it was assigned to by the era by exploring what 'We' stands for,which can be understood by hero images in literature constructed under the 'New Era' discourses.This investigation concludes that literary writings in the 'New Era' showed far more complicated interaction with the domestic context of China's Mainland,in spite that the Reform and Opening up policy(改革开放) was often oriented towards 'wholesale westernization.'