长效运行的农村面源污染控制系统机制设计

Mechanism Design on Long-term Operation of Rural Non-point Source Pollution Control System

国内外农村面源污染控制都缺乏内源的长效运行机制。在对国家863计划关于农村面源污染控制技术和示范工程的实际运行现状分析中显示,每一项示范工程对污染物削减目标的效果是很高的。然而,这些已完成的示范工程却有90%以上的闲置和废弃,仅有不到10%在运行,而目前这些运行的技术也没有在农村得以推广应用。国外在农村面源污染控制技术的长效运行主要采用国家政策、法律法规和经济补贴的机制,这种方式主要是外源的支持机制,具有运用局限性和运行不稳定性。本文从长效运行的目的出发,提出了系统目标、设计原则、系统结构、系统长效运行的外源支撑、系统长效运行的评估体系,为农村面源污染控制系统的长效运行建立了一套理论和方法,可为国家农村面源污染控制科研立项的审评提供科学依据。

Endogenous effect mechanism of rural non-point pollution control are lack both in domestic and abroad.The analysis showed that on National 863 Plan about Rural Non-point Pollution Control Technology and the Actual Operation Situation of Demonstration Projects,each demonstration project efficiency for pollutant reduction targets is very high.However,these demonstration projects completed have more than 90% of the idle and abandoned,less than 10% in operation,thchnology in operation has not in popularization and application in the countryside yet.In foreign countries,state policies,laws and regulations,and economic subsidies are mainly adopted for long-term operating of rural non-point pollution control technology,but this way is mainly exogenous support mechanism and has limitations and instability.In this paper,from the purpose of long-term operation,the system objectives,design principles,system structure,exogenous support,evaluation system are proposed,and a set of theories and methods for the long-term operation of national rural non-point source pollution control system are established,providing scientific basis for the review of projects of national rural non-point source pollution control.