农村进城就业人员城市就业及生活境况分析

Urban Employment and Living Situation of Rural Migrant Workers

本文基于来自山东等4省的实地调查资料,全面分析了农村进城就业人员的城市就业、生活境况及近10年的变化。我国非农就业人员以农村青壮高素质子女辈为主,近10年来中长距离就业人员明显增加,经济较发达农村地区外出人员多偏好本省非农就业。总体上,这一群体的城市就业和生活状况有所改善,但并不明显。同时就业保障改善缓慢,子女随同和教育改善依然举步维艰。建议政府从创造更多城市就业机会,改善城市就业环境,提升人力资本,改革随同儿童教育等方面着手,改善农村进城就业人员就业生活状况,促进城乡协调发展。

Based on a survey in Shandong,Shanxi,Jilin and Zhejiang provinces,this paper gives a comprehensive analysis on the current situation and change of urban employment and living situation of rural-urban migrants during the past 10 years.Since 1998,the share of the long distance migration has grown increasingly.The urban migrants from rural China are mainly high-quality younger generation and most of them prefer to local employment especially in developed area.On the whole,their urban employment and living situation have been improved.However,employment guarantee,children accompany and children's education have not been improved.We suggest that government should try to offer more urban employment opportunities,improve employment environment and human capital,and pay more attention to accompanied children education,so that urban and rural can develop harmoniously.