馆藏文物保存环境调湿材料研究进展

Research progress of the application of humidity controlling material in museum environment

在博物馆文物保存环境各种影响因素中,湿度及其波动是引发文物材质发生损害的主要方面。调控环境湿度通常采用主动调湿方法和被动调湿方法,其中被动调湿功能材料在博物馆文物保存微环境湿度调控中具有相当的应用优势。本文简要介绍了调湿材料的概念和调湿原理;分类叙述了硅胶、无机盐、无机矿物、有机高分子4类调湿材料及其复合型调湿剂的调湿特性、制备方法、调湿机理以及各类文物调湿材料的发展现状;阐述了研究开发具有自主知识产权的馆藏文物保存环境专用调湿材料及其实用产品的必要性和重要性,指出文物调湿剂研究应以性能优异、安全无害、低成本、多功能、适应多种应用需求为发展方向,并注重专用调湿材料质量标准和评价技术规范研究,以指导产品研发和应用工作。

Environmental humidity plays an important role in maintaining cultural relic stable.Considerations for how to control of a particular relative - humidity is one of the main interests in museum.Compared with active humidity control,since the manner of passive humidity control has more advantages in less energy consume,flexible in use,low cost and so on,it has priority to be used in small sealed cabinets or drawers.The researth introduced the primary concept,classification,and mechanism of humidity controlling materials such as silica gel,inorganic salt,organic polymer and comprehensive type,and also summarized the working principle and properties of controlling humidity, the preparation of some materials as well as the up -to -date research progress.Meanwhile,an new self-intellectual property humidity controlling material prepared by chitosan and mineral salt was mentioned.Finally the application prospects and the trends of research and development of humidity cont rolling composite are put forward.