国外促进科技自主创新的财政投入政策及其启示

Foreign Financial Input Policy and Enlightenment of Promoting Independent Innovation of Science and Technology

科技是经济发展的驱动力和第一生产力,它对经济发展的促进作用是跳跃式的、倍增的。研发投入一直用来衡量一个国家发展以知识为基础的产业的努力程度,即发展以科技为经济的动力的程度,是衡量该国财政科技投入的重要指标。笔者重点从财政研发投入的总量、财政研发投入占财政支出的比重、财政研发投入占GDP的比重和财政科技投入的流向四个方面,对各国政府的财政科技投入政策进行总结和比较分析,为我国促进科技自主创新的财政投入政策提供可鉴之资。

Science and technology is a driving force and the first productivity of economic development.Its facilitation to economic development is jumping and doubling.The input of research and development has been used for weighing a country′s developing intensity of efforts,which takes knowledge as foundational industry all the time.It is the important index of weighing financial input in science and technology of a country.This paper emphatically discusses the following four respects: the total amount of the financial input of research and development,the proportion of financial input of research and development to financial expenditure,the proportion of financial input of research and development to GDP,and the flow direction of financial input in science and technology.By summarizing and analyzing the policies of financial input in science and technology of different countries,the paper offers certain reference for our country to improve the financial input policy of science and technology to promote independent innovation.