萧红:民族与女性之间的“大智勇者”?

XIAO Hong:a Wise Brave between Nation and Women?

萧红本人及其作品从1980年代中国女性主义批评兴起至今,一直被视为女性主义和女性文学的一个高峰。由于她的作品皆诞生于20世纪的抗战时期,民族与性别(尤其是民族与妇女)的关系成为解读这些作品所绕不开的问题。而随着中国女性主义批评本身的发展变化,即受到解民族主义和后殖民主义等新思潮的影响,对这一问题的分析也有所改变,妇女由民族的共谋者变成民族的受害者。但事实上,萧红笔下所体现出来的民族与妇女的关系是远比这些解读复杂得多的,也因此,她的作品无论在国家正统文学史中还是在女性主义批评中都能被奉为经典。萧红对妇女与民族之复杂关系的深刻体会以及由此所产生的迷茫,正是第三世界女性所普遍面对的困境,对她们来说,女性意识与民族意识、女性解放与民族解放并不是简单对立、非此即彼的。对第三世界的男性而言,民族国家的主体意识也不是自然而然地获得的。

Since 1980s when feminist critics appeared in China,XIAO Hong and her works have been regarded as one peak in modern Chinese femi-nism and female literature.Because all her works were written in the last century during the war against Japanese invasion,the relationship between nation and gender(in particular,nation and women)has become an issue which cannot be avoided in different interpretations of these works.With Chinese feminist critics' development,that is,under the influence of new thoughts such as de-nationalism and post-colonialism,the analysis of this issue has changed accordingly.Women have changed from a conspirator to a victim of nation.But the fact is that the relationship between nation and women which are reflected in XIAO Hong's works is much more complex than these interpretations.That is why her works in both legitimate literary history and feminist critics can be canonized.XIAO Hong's deep understanding of the complex relationship between women and nation and her confusion resulted from it is exactly the dilemma which Third World women is generally facing.For them,female consciousness and national consciousness,women liberation and nation liberation are not simply conflict or either-or.And for Third World man,the subjectivity of nation-state is not naturally acquired either.